Pressure Vessels for Oil and Gas Facilities: What Engineers Need to Know
A pressure vessel is a closed
container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from the ambient pressure. The pressure differential is
dangerous, and fatal accidents have occurred in the history of pressure vessel development and
operation.
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| Pressure Vessel, Post Fabrication |
Pressure vessels
are classified as static equipment as they do not have any rotating member.
The term separator in
oilfield terminology designates a pressure vessel used for separating well fluids produced
from oil and gas wells into gaseous and liquid components.
 |
| Schematic Of Separation Process |
A separator for petroleum production is a large vessel designed to separate production fluids into their constituent components of oil, gas and water.
A separating vessel may be referred to in the following ways:-
A separating vessel may be referred to in the following ways:-
11.
Oil and gas separator
22.
Separator
33.
Stage separator
44.
Trap
55.
Knockout vessel (Knockout
drum, knockout trap, water knockout, or liquid knockout)
66.
Flash chamber (flash
vessel or flash trap)
77.
Expansion separator or expansion vessel
88.
Scrubber (gas scrubber)
 |
| Typical Oil-Water Separation |
Pressure
Vessels are of two basic orientations:-
11. Vertical
Pressure Vessel
22. Horizontal
Pressure Vessel
The
vertical & horizontal pressure vessels are very much similar, as the both
are made up of two (2) heads and a shell; they however have different types of
support structure.
 |
| Vertical XXHP Vessel |
While
a vertical Pressure vessel has a “skirt” support, the horizontal vessel is
supported by “saddles”.
 |
| Schematics Showing Detailed Vertical Vessel |
Important
Internal Parts of a Pressure Vessel or Separator
Albeit
the visible externals of a pressure vessel or separator, there exist a variety
of very important internal members. They include:-
 |
| Slug Catcher- Basic Operation |
Basic Principles of operation of a separator....... click here
Generally
the code & standard that governs the design and construction of pressure
vessels include
ASME
SEC VIII DIV 1 & 2, PD 5500 etc.
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